ChatGPT Performs as Well as Doctors for Suggesting the Most Likely Diagnoses in the Emergency Medicine Department

The artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT performed as well as a trained doctor in suggesting likely diagnoses for patients being assessed in emergency medicine departments, in a pilot study to be presented at the European Emergency Medicine Congress.

Researchers say a lot more work is needed, but their findings suggest the technology could one day support doctors working in emergency medicine, potentially leading to shorter waiting times for patients.

The study was by Dr Hidde ten Berg, from the department of emergency medicine and Dr Steef Kurstjens, from the department of clinical chemistry and haematology, both at Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.

Dr ten Berg told the Congress: "Like a lot of people, we have been trying out ChatGPT and we were intrigued to see how well it worked for examining some complex diagnostic cases. So, we set up a study to assess how well the chatbot worked compared to doctors with a collection of emergency medicine cases from daily practice."

The research, which is also published this month in the Annals of Emergency Medicine, included anonymised details on 30 patients who were treated at Jeroen Bosch Hospital’s emergency department in 2022. The researchers entered physicians’ notes on patients’ signs, symptoms and physical examinations into two versions of ChatGPT (the free 3.5 version and the subscriber 4.0 version). They also provided the chatbot with results of lab tests, such as blood and urine analysis. For each case, they compared the shortlist of likely diagnoses generated by the chatbot to the shortlist made by emergency medicine doctors and to the patient’s correct diagnosis.

They found a large overlap (around 60%) between the shortlists generated by ChatGPT and the doctors. Doctors had the correct diagnosis within their top five likely diagnoses in 87% of the cases, compared to 97% for ChatGPT version 3.5 and 87% for version 4.0.

Dr ten Berg said: "We found that ChatGPT performed well in generating a list of likely diagnoses and suggesting the most likely option. We also found a lot of overlap with the doctors' lists of likely diagnoses. Simply put, this indicates that ChatGPT was able suggest medical diagnoses much like a human doctor would.

"For example, we included a case of a patient presenting with joint pain that was alleviated with painkillers, but redness, joint pain and swelling always recurred. In the previous days, the patient had a fever and sore throat. A few times there was a discolouration of the fingertips. Based on the physical exam and additional tests, the doctors thought the most likely diagnosis was probably rheumatic fever, but ChatGPT was correct with its most likely diagnosis of vasculitis.

"It's vital to remember that ChatGPT is not a medical device and there are concerns over privacy when using ChatGPT with medical data. However, there is potential here for saving time and reducing waiting times in the emergency department. The benefit of using artificial intelligence could be in supporting doctors with less experience, or it could help in spotting rare diseases."

Professor Youri Yordanov from the St Antoine Hospital emergency department (APHP Paris), France, is Chair of the EUSEM 2023 abstract committee and was not involved in the research. He said: "We are a long way from using ChatGPT in the clinic, but it’s vital that we explore new technology and consider how it could be used to help doctors and their patients. People who need to go to the emergency department want to be seen as quickly as possible and to have their problem correctly diagnosed and treated. I look forward to more research in this area and hope that it might ultimately support the work of busy health professionals."

Berg HT, van Bakel B, van de Wouw L, Jie KE, Schipper A, Jansen H, O'Connor RD, van Ginneken B, Kurstjens S.
ChatGPT and Generating a Differential Diagnosis Early in an Emergency Department Presentation.
Ann Emerg Med. 2023 Sep 9:S0196-0644(23)00642-X. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.08.003

Most Popular Now

Artificial Intelligence: Unexpected Resu…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is on the rise. Until now, AI applications generally have "black box" character: How AI arrives at its results remains hidden. Prof. Dr. Jürgen Bajorath, a cheminformatics...

Printed Robots with Bones, Ligaments, an…

3D printing is advancing rapidly, and the range of materials that can be used has expanded considerably. While the technology was previously limited to fast-curing plastics, it has now been...

AI identifies Non-Smokers at High Risk f…

Using a routine chest X-ray image, an artificial intelligence (AI) tool can identify non-smokers who are at high risk for lung cancer, according to a study being presented next week...

Orchestrating the New World of AI in Hea…

Orion Health's UK and Ireland Customer Conference 2023 focused on the future potential and immediate, practical application of AI to healthcare - and gave delegates a first look at the...

Study Reveals Bias in AI Tools when Diag…

Machine learning algorithms designed to diagnose a common infection that affects women showed a diagnostic bias among ethnic groups, University of Florida researchers found. While artificial intelligence (AI) tools offer...

Researchers Take New AI Approach to Anal…

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet and SciLifeLab in Sweden have combined artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in satellite imaging and community ecology to interpret large amounts of data from tumour tissue...

Medical AI Tool from UF, NVIDIA gets Hum…

A new artificial intelligence (AI) computer program created by researchers at the University of Florida and NVIDIA can generate doctors' notes so well that two physicians couldn't tell the difference...

Commission Opens Calls to Invest €42 Mil…

Today, the European Commission opened a new set of calls for proposals under the 2023-2024 Work Programmes of the Digital Europe Programme with a focus on advanced digital skills. The calls...

Bayer Championing Advancements in Radiol…

Bayer continues to advance its comprehensive Radiology portfolio with progress in the development pipeline of its investigational contrast agent as well as new innovations in the area of Artificial Intelligence...

MEDICA and COMPAMED: Medical Technology …

13 - 16 November 2023, Düsseldorf, Germany. After four days of business, MEDICA and COMPAMED in Düsseldorf delivered impressive confirmation that they are excellent platforms for the worldwide medical technology business...

AI Predicts Developmental Paths in Prema…

Researchers at UMC Utrecht have developed an AI model to predict long-term outcome in extremely premature babies early in life. The model can identify which infants might face intellectual disability...

AI Paves Way for New Medicines

A team of researchers from LMU, ETH Zurich, and Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) Basel has used artificial intelligence (AI) to develop an innovative method that predicts the...